In many countries, standardized math tests are important for achieving academic success. Here, we examine whether content of items, the story that explains a mathematical question, biases performance of low-SES students. In a large-scale cohort study of Trends in International Mathematics and Science Studies (TIMSS)—including data from 58 countries from students in grades 4 and 8 (N = 5501,165)—we examine whether item content that is more likely related to challenges for low-SES students (money, food, social relationships) improves their performance, compared with their average math performance. Results show that low-SES students scored lower on items with this specific content than expected based on an individual’s average performance. The effect sizes are substantial: on average, the chance to answer correctly is 18% lower. From a hidden talents approach, these results are unexpected. However, they align with other theoretical frameworks such as scarcity mindset, providing new insights for fair testing.
Over onderwijs en onderzoek. Door de afdeling Educatie van de Universiteit Utrecht.
woensdag 10 april 2024
Realistische rekenopgaven vooral nadelig voor leerlingen met lage SES?
dinsdag 5 december 2023
Teleurstellende resultaten PISA 2023: Gaat de volgende studiereis naar Ierland?
Soms vragen we ons af of er reisorganisatoren naar de PISA-resultaten kijken om een volgend onderwijsgidsland te kiezen. Ooit was het Finland, recenter was het Estland, maar nu, waar moeten we nu naartoe, nu het onderwijspeil steeds lager komt te staan in de Lage Landen?
PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) laat zien: Voor Nederland zijn de ontwikkelingen voor rekenen, lezen én wetenschapskennis zeer negatief:
Voor wie denkt dat deze dramatische resultaten werden veroorzaakt door COVID-19 en de schoolsluitingen: de trend is in Nederland erger dan de daling die COVID-19 gemiddeld wereldwijd veroorzaakte. Om een idee te geven: het rapport stelt dat 20 punten op de PISA test gelijk staat aan het volgen van 1 jaar onderwijs. Dat betekent dat Nederlandse kinderen nu 2 jaar meer tijd nodig hebben voor wiskunde om op het gemiddelde peil van 2003 te komen: in 2003 lag de score rond 540 punten en nu onder de 500 punten. Voor lezen is het zelfs meer dan 2,5 jaar om op gemiddelde niveau te komen. Inmiddels scoren de Nederlandse jongeren onder het OESO-gemiddelde voor lezen.
Voor het domein waar Nederland er het slechtste voorstaat, lezen, lijkt Ierland inderdaad de aangewezen plek als je niet te ver wil reizen (bijvoorbeeld naar Singapore). In iets mindere mate geldt dit ook voor Engeland.
woensdag 30 november 2022
Van programmeren kun je rekenen leren?
The aim of this study is to investigate whether a programming activity might serve as a learning vehicle for mathematics acquisition in grades four and five. For this purpose, the effects of a programming activity, an essential component of computational thinking, were evaluated on learning outcomes of three mathematical notions: Euclidean division (N = 1,880), additive decomposition (N = 1,763) and fractions (N = 644). Classes were randomly assigned to the programming (with Scratch) and control conditions. Multilevel analyses indicate negative effects (effect size range −0.16 to −0.21) of the programming condition for the three mathematical notions. A potential explanation of these results is the difficulties in the transfer of learning from programming to mathematics.
vrijdag 18 november 2022
Zorgwekkend nieuws uit Nationaal Cohortonderzoek: Nog steeds grote vertraging voor spelling en rekenen-wiskunde
Dat de schoolsluitingen in het basisonderwijs grote impact hebben gehad op Nederlandse basisschoolleerlingen was al een tijd duidelijk. Het Nationaal Cohortonderzoek Onderwijs volgt al tweeeneenhalf jaar de gevolgen van deze schoolsluitingen. Helaas zijn de cijfers die het NCO deze week presenteerden niet erg hoopgevend: bij de leerlingen die bij de start van de coronacrisis in groep 3, 4 of 5 zaten blijft de leergroei bij spelling en rekenen-wiskunde duidelijk achter.
dinsdag 25 juni 2019
Samenhang tussen muziekles en schoolprestaties
The present study employed population-level educational records from 4 public school student cohorts (n = 112,916; Grades 7–12) in British Columbia (Canada) to examine relationships between music education (any participation, type of participation, music achievement, and engagement level) and mathematics and science achievement in Grade 10 as well as English achievement in Grades 10 and 12, while controlling for language/cultural background, Grade 7 academic achievement, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Music participation was related to higher scores on all 4 subjects and these relationships were stronger for instrumental music than vocal music (Cohen’s d range: .28 to .44 [small-medium effect sizes] and .05 to .13 [null-small effect sizes]). School music achievement positively related to scores on all subjects; such relationships were stronger for achievement in instrumental music compared with vocal music. Higher levels of music engagement (number of courses) was related to higher exam scores on all subjects; this pattern was more pronounced for very high engagement in instrumental music (d range: .37 to .55; medium effect sizes) compared with vocal music (d range: .11 to .26; small effect sizes). The effect sizes of these group differences are greater than the effect sizes corresponding to average annual gains of students’ academic achievement during high school—in other words, highly engaged instrumental music students were, on average, academically over 1 year ahead of their peers. The findings suggest that multiyear engagement in music, especially instrumental music, may benefit high school academic achievement. Findings and implications are discussed within the broader interdisciplinary literature on music learning.
This large-scale study identified evidence of positive relationships between school music participation and high school exam scores in English, mathematics, and science using population-level educational records for over 110,000 students in British Columbia, Canada. Participation in school music (especially instrumental music) was related to higher exam scores, and students with higher levels of school music engagement had higher exam scores. The positive relationships between music engagement and academic achievement were independent of students’ previous (Grade 7) achievement, sex, cultural background, and neighborhood socioeconomic status, and were of considerable magnitude: The group differences observed in our study were greater than average annual gains in academic achievement during high school. In other words, students highly engaged in music were, on average, academically over 1 year ahead of the peers not engaged in school music. In light of this study (the largest of its kind to date), as well as supporting evidence suggesting music learning in childhood may foster competencies (e.g., executive functioning) that support academic achievement, educators may consider the potential positive influence of school music on students’ high school achievement.
woensdag 3 april 2019
Nieuw onderzoek naar de relatie tussen mindset en wiskundeprestaties
Academic growth constructs, such as growth mindset and various forms of growth goals, have been of substantial focus in psycho-educational research. Recent research has sought to identify how such growth constructs are inter-related, finding that an underlying growth orientation (comprised of growth mindset, self-based growth goals, and task-based growth goals) was cross-sectionally associated with more positive outcomes for students. However, for such a construct to have meaningful relevance to education and educational research, it must be associated with actual growth in academic outcomes. Accordingly, using two-wave longitudinal structural equation modeling in a large sample of Australian middle and high school students (N = 2949), we examined the extent to which students’ growth orientation predicted growth in academic outcomes. We hypothesized that students’ growth orientation would be positively associated with gains in students’ mathematics engagement and achievement, while controlling for student demographic covariates (e.g., gender, age) and prior variance in each substantive factor measured one year prior. Results demonstrated that students' growth orientation in mathematics was a significant positive predictor of students' gains in mathematics engagement and achievement, above other sources of influence. Findings are discussed in terms of improving researchers’ understanding of how growth constructs are inter-related and how to promote students’ academic success in mathematics.
Bostwick, K. C. P., Bostwick, A. J., Collie, R. J., & Durksen, J. R. (2019). Growth orientation predicts gains in middle and high school students’ mathematics outcomes over time. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 58, 213-227.




