Previous research has evidenced a strong positive relationship between leisure print reading habits and reading comprehension across the lifespan. The rapid evolution of new forms of leisure digital reading could modify such a relationship. This meta-analysis extends previous research by analyzing the relationship between leisure digital reading habits and reading comprehension. We analyzed 40 effect sizes using multilevel analysis. Data involved 469,564 participants from studies published between 2000 and 2022. The average effect size reflects a small significant effect on reading comprehension (r = .055), which contrasts with the medium size effects found in the literature related to print reading habits and comprehension. This relationship is significantly moderated by the reader’s educational stage. At early stages (primary and middle school) negative relationships are observed between leisure digital reading and text comprehension, while at later stages (high school and university) the relationship turns positive. We highlight the different contributions that reading modalities and technological contexts have on our reading comprehension, especially across the lifespan. In sum, leisure digital reading does not seem to pay off in terms of reading comprehension, at least, as much as traditional print reading does.
Over onderwijs en onderzoek. Door de afdeling Educatie van de Universiteit Utrecht.
donderdag 21 december 2023
Het digitale dilemma: Is digitaal lezen een vloek of een zegen voor begrijpend lezen?
maandag 13 november 2023
Het screen inferiority effect: Lezen van een scherm is nadelig voor begrijpend lezen
Hoewel digitale schermen niet meer weg te denken zijn uit het dagelijks leven en studenten steeds vaker hun teksten en artikelen lezen van hun laptop of tablet, hebben onderzoekers meermaals laten zien dat er mogelijk sprake is van een screen inferiority effect: lezers die van een scherm lezen lijken teksten wat minder goed te begrijpen dan lezers die teksten van papier lezen. Een nieuwe meta-analyse in Journal of Educational Psychology vatte de resultaten van 49 studies samen. Deze studies onderzochten allen het effect van het lezen van het scherm versus het lezen van papier. De resultaten van deze meta-analyse laten zien dat er inderdaad sprake is van een licht screen inferiority effect. Afhankelijk van het onderzoeksdesign dat gehanteerd werd, vonden de auteurs een effect size van g = -0.113 of een effect size van g = -0.103. Uit aanvullende analyses blijkt dat het screen inferiority effect groter is bij studenten in het hoger onderwijs dan bij leerlingen uit het basis- en voortgezet onderwijs.
Het abstract
As handheld devices, such as tablets, become a common tool in schools, a critical and urgent question for the research community is to assess their potential impact on educational outcomes. Previous meta-analytic research has evidenced the “screen inferiority effect”: Readers tend to understand texts slightly worse when reading on-screen than when reading the same text in print. Most primary studies from those meta-analyses used computers as on-screen reading devices. Accordingly, the extent to which handheld devices, which provide a reading experience closer to books than computers, are affected by the screen inferiority effect remains an open question. To address this issue, we reviewed relevant literature regarding potential moderating factors for the screen inferiority effect through the lenses of the reading for understanding framework. We then performed two meta-analyses aimed at examining the differences in reading comprehension when reading on handheld devices, as compared to print. Results from the two multilevel random-effect meta-analyses, which included primary studies that used either between-participant (k = 38, g = −0.113) or within-participant (k = 21, g = −0.103) designs, consistently showed a significant small size effect favoring print text comprehension. Moderator analyses helped to partially clarify the results, indicating in some cases a higher screen inferiority effect for undergraduate students (as compared to primary and secondary school students) and for participants who were assessed individually (as opposed to in groups). We discuss the need to continue fostering print reading in schools while developing effective ways to incorporate handheld devices for reading purposes.